Using the Ubuntu Desktop/Live CD

Overwriting the Windows bootloader

This will overwrite your Windows Boot Loader. It is OK to do this, in fact that is the goal of this how to (in order to boot Ubuntu).

Boot from a Live CD and open a terminal. You'll need to run a few commands as root so you can use sudo -i to get a root shell and run them normally instead of using sudo on each of them. Be extra careful when running a root shell, especially for typos!

We'll need to find which partition your Ubuntu system is installed on. Type the command fdisk -l. It will output a list of all your partitions, for example :

fdisk -l

Disk /dev/hda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1           8       64228+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               9        1224     9767520   83  Linux
/dev/sda3   *        1225        2440     9767520   a5  FreeBSD
/dev/sda4            2441       14593    97618972+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5           14532       14593      498015   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6            2441       14530    97112862   83  Linux

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Here I have three Linux partitions. /dev/sda2 is my root partition, /dev/sda1 is my /boot partition and /dev/sda6 is my /home partitions. If you only have one, obviously this is the one your Ubuntu system is installed on. If you have more than one and you don't know which one your Ubuntu is installed on, we'll look for it later. First, create a mountpoint for your partition, for example :

mkdir /media/root

Then mount your partition in it. If you don't know which one it is, then mount any of them, we'll see if it's the correct one.

mount /dev/sda2 /media/root

Of course, replace /dev/sda2 with the correct name of your partition. You can check if it's the correct one by running ls /media/root, which should output something like this :

bin    dev      home        lib    mnt   root     srv  usr
boot   etc      initrd      lib64  opt   sbin     sys  var
cdrom  initrd.img  media  proc  selinux  tmp  vmlinuz

If what you have looks not at all like this, you didn't mount the correct partition. Do umount /media/root to unmount it and try another one. You also need to mount your /boot partition if you made one, like this :

mount /dev/sda1 /media/root/boot

To make sure it was the correct one, run ls /media/root/boot, which should output something like this :

config-2.6.18-3-686      initrd.img-2.6.18-3-686.bak  System.map-2.6.18-3-686
grub                     lost+found                   vmlinuz-2.6.18-3-686
initrd.img-2.6.18-3-686  memtest86+.bin

Once again, if what you have doesn't fit, unmount it and try another partition.

Now that everything is mounted, we just need to reinstall GRUB :

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/root /dev/sda

If you got BIOS warnings try:

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/root /dev/sda --recheck

Of course, replace /dev/sda with the location you want to install GRUB on. If all went well, you should see something like this :

Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.

(hd0)   /dev/sda

Reboot (to your hard drive). Grub should be installed and both Ubuntu and Windows should have been automatically detected.

If, after installing grub, Windows does not appear in the boot menu you will need to edit /boot/grub/menu.lst (That is a small "L" and not the number 1 in menu.lst)

Open a terminal and enter :

gksu gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

Or, in Kubuntu:

kdesu kate /boot/grub/menu.lst

Your Windows stanza should look something like this :

title Windows XP/Vista # Use any title you wish, it will appear in the grub boot menu
rootnoverify (hd0,0) # This is the location of the windows partition
makeactive
chainloader +1

Note: Put your Windows stanza before or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST in the menu.lst

Preserving Windows Bootloader

This method allows you to restore GRUB and keep the Windows bootloader as your primary bootloader. Thanks to Ubuntu's support for NTFS writing it's now an absolute cinch.

The method shown above puts GRUB back on the MBR (master boot record) of the hard drive instead of in the root partition. But you probably won't want that, if you use a third-party boot manager like Boot Magic or System Commander. (The original poster also suggested that this would be useful to restore the Grub menu after a re-ghosting.) In that case, use this alternative.

If you have your Linux system in a second (or third...) hard disk this method will not work. Please check Super Grub Disk's method that address this problem.

Restoring GRUB

1. Boot from a Live CD, like Ubuntu Live, Knoppix, Mepis, or similar. Ideally use Ubuntu 8.04 or higher as this has NTFS write support and makes life a bit easier; this isn't necessary, just handy.

2. Open a Terminal. Open a root terminal (that is, type "su" in a non-Ubuntu distro, or "sudo -i" in Ubuntu). Enter root passwords as necessary.

3. Type "grub" which makes a GRUB prompt appear.

4. Type "find /boot/grub/stage1". You'll get a response like "(hd0)" or in my case "(hd0,3)". Use whatever your computer spits out for the following lines. Note that you should have mounted the partition which has your Linux system before typing this command. (e.g. In Knoppix Live CD partitions are shown on the desktop but they're not mounted until you double-click on them or mount them manually)

5. Type "root (hd0,3)" note the space between root and (hd0,3).

6. Type "setup (hd0,3)". This is key. Other instructions say to use "(hd0)", and that's fine if you want to write GRUB to the MBR. If you want to write it to your linux root partition, then you want the number after the comma, such as "(hd0,3)".

7. Type "quit".

8. At this stage you can either restart the system and install your own bootloader, or you can continue and tell the Windows bootloader where to find GRUB which will handle booting Linux.

Making Windows Load GRUB (and then Linux)

This is taken from Dual-Boot Linux and Windows 2000/Windows XP with GRUB HOWTO which has been helping people dual boot since 2005, or maybe before.

1. In Linux open a command window.

2. Mount a drive which you can share with Windows; this could be a USB drive, a FAT32 partition on your machine, or if you are using a Linux distro which supports NTFS writing like Ubuntu 8.04+ (maybe earlier?) then you can mount the actual Windows c:\ drive itself! The big bonus of writing to the windows drive is that you are going to need to put a file there, so it saves copying a file around. For example

#mkdir /tmp/windows
#mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/windows

3. Now you are going to make a copy of your boot partition; finding what this is called is not 100% deterministic because Linux might call your drives sdX or hdX, whereas GRUB always calls them hdX and Linux names them [hd|sd][Letter][Number] whereas GRUB names them as hd[Number][Number]; note that df won't work as you are booted from a live CD. But let's have a go; if you installed GRUB on (hd0,0), then /boot is on hda1 or sda1, (hd1,0) == hdb1 or sdb1, (hd0,1) == hda2 or sda2, etc... this narrows you down to two possibilities, now issuing ls /dev |grep hd will let you know if you have that drive on your machine, if nothing comes up which matches, then you must have an sd drive. OK, great...

4. Having hopefully determined your boot partition issue the command (as root)

#dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/tmp/windows/linux.bin bs=512 count=1

Where /dev/sda2 is your boot partition and /tmp/windows/ is the drive you want to copy the boot sector image to.

5. If you haven't created linux.bin in the Windows drive then you need to copy it there now.

6. Reboot into Windows, open c:\boot.ini in notepad, and on a new line at the bottom, add c:\linux.bin="Linux". This file might be write protected, if it is enable write in the right click context menu -> properties; you should disable write afterwards. Make sure that at the top of the boot.ini file there is a timeout set, i.e timeout=5. (Ah ha, you say, now I have NTFS support, why don't I just edit boot.ini in Linux, the answer to this is that Linux and Windows represent line breaks in different ways, so even though you can edit the file, it won't add a new line 残念)

7. That's it, reboot and you will be given the option of booting into Linux, selecting that will chainload GRUB and this will let you boot into your Linux distro.

From: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=121355&postcount=5

From Inside Ubuntu

You have to run "grub" not from the Ubuntu Desktop/Live CD, but from your disk installation to make it work. To do this, mount your root partition (following examples assume a root partition on hda1):

sudo mkdir /mnt/linux
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/linux

then change directory to your installation sbin and run grub from there

cd /mnt/linux/sbin
sudo ./grub

Using the Unofficial "Super Grub Disk"

From within Windows

Download Auto Super Grub Disk
Double-click auto_super_grub_disk_1.0 icon, install it, and reboot.
On the next boot, select the UNetbootin-supergrubdisk menu entry; this will launch the Auto Super Grub Disk.
Do nothing till you see your Grub menu again.
Next time you boot Windows, click yes when asked to remove UNetbootin-supergrubdisk to remove the Super Grub Disk menu entry.

As a standalone cd/floppy/usb

Download Super Grub Disk
Burn into a cdrom (better) or a floppy
Boot from it
Select: GRUB => MBR & !LINUX! (>2) MANUAL |8-)
Select the Linux or Grub installation you want to restore.
You see the message: SGD has done it!
Reboot
You're done.

Preserving Windows Bootloader

This alternative, used without a third-party boot manager, will not cause Ubuntu to boot.

This alternative will let you boot your second hard disk Linux installations from Windows while the Using the Ubuntu Desktop/Live CD Preserving Windows Bootloader instructions will not.

Either:

Download Super Grub Disk
Burn into a cdrom (better) or a floppy
Boot from it

Or:

Download UNetbootin Super Grub Disk Loader (Windows .exe version)
Run the installer and reboot when once done installing.
On the next boot, select the "UNetbootin-supergrubdisk" menu entry; this will launch the Super Grub Disk interface.

Then:

Super Grub Disk (WITH HELP) :-)))
Select: your language
Select: Windows
Select: Windows chainloads Grub!
Select the Linux or Grub installation you want to restore to its own partition.
You see the message: SGD has done it!
Reboot
You're done.

Using Microsoft Vista

If you have Vista installed and you installed Ubuntu and when you rebooted it didn't show up as a dual boot option, try going into Vista (since that is all you can do), use the program EasyBCD version 1.7 It looks like this:

http://aycu01.webshots.com/image/31560/2002188190250314159_rs.jpg

Add your Linux install to the boot sequence.

Troubleshooting

This section applies to...

Dual-boot setups in which Windows was installed after Ubuntu
Conditions where Windows failure forced a re-installation
Windows recovery techniques involving the "restoration" of the MBR
Cases where GRUB failed to install

Prerequisites:

Your Ubuntu partitions are all still intact
You have a LiveCD, such as the Ubuntu Desktop CD, or anything you're comfortable with
You're familiar enough with your LiveCD to gain access to a console
You remember how you set up your partitions (having a printout of /etc/fstab is ideal, though you can make do with the output of fdisk -l /dev/hda)
Knowledge of how your kernel works (specifically with regards to initrd), if you're using a non-Ubuntu kernel or built your own
Your kernel's version; this howto assumes 2.6.10-5-386

Preparing Your Working Environment

To begin the restoration procedure, insert your LiveCD and reboot your computer. Proceed with your LiveCD's bootup procedure until you are presented with an interface. If your LiveCD does not immediately present you with a console, also called a terminal, open one -- to do this with the Ubuntu LiveCD, click Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal.

Note: Since this is a LiveCD environment, any changes to user accounts or filesystem layouts at this level will not be permanent. This means you can set a temporary root password and create directories without affecting your actual installation.

Now, you need to gain root access. Under Ubuntu, this can be done with the following commands:

sudo -i

Under Knoppix, the following command will suffice, and you will not be prompted for a password.

su -

Now that you have root access, you need to mount the partition(s) containing your bootloader files.

You will need access to both your /sbin/ and /boot/ directories. If you have a /boot/ listing in your fstab, you are among those who will need to mount two partitions.

Begin by creating a mount point for your working environment -- you'll notice this is the same as creating a directory.

mkdir /mnt/work

If you need to mount /boot/, too, run the following command.

mkdir /mnt/work/boot

Now it's time to actually load your filesystem data. Review your fstab and identify the location(s) of / and /boot/; these will likely look something like /dev/hda3 and /dev/hda4, though the letter 'a' and the numbers 3 and 4 may differ.

Note: For the remainder of this howto, /dev/hda3 and /dev/hda4 will be assumed, so alter them as needed when typing them in yourself.

Enter the following commands to load your filesystem and some information GRUB may need.

mount /dev/hda4 /mnt/work
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/work/dev
mount -o bind /proc /mnt/work/proc
cp /proc/mounts /mnt/work/etc/mtab

Now, you have to enter your working environment. The following command will take care of that.

chroot /mnt/work/ /bin/bash

Warning: From this point on, any files you modify will affect your Ubuntu system. You have left the safety of the LiveCD. Exercise caution.

Recovering GRUB Automatically

If you have a separate /boot/ partition, type the following line.

sudo mount /dev/hda3 /boot/

Reinstalling GRUB from this point is easy. Just enter the following command.

sudo /sbin/grub-install /dev/hda

If the command you used above failed, which is unlikely, you will need to configure GRUB manually (it isn't too hard); if it succeeded, you should read the note at the start of the final section: "Configuring the GRUB Menu".

Recovering GRUB Manually

Before you can undertake the next step, it's important that you understand how GRUB identifies partitions.

To GRUB, numbers begin with 0, and letters are expressed numerically, also beginning with 0.

For example, /dev/hda1 is "hd0,0" to GRUB. Similarly, /dev/hdb3 is "hd1,2".

Note: The "root" line must point to the location of your /boot/ partition if you have one. If you do not have one, point it at your / partition.

sudo /sbin/grub
grub> root (hd0,2)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit

Note: This step does not need to be done if you're just trying to recover your MBR. Installing Windows will not alter the contents of your existing menu.lst, so if everything was working right before, everything will continue to work right now, and you can restart your computer.

Open the GRUB menu file, /boot/grub/menu.lst, with your favourite text editor. An example follows.

sudo nano /boot/grub/menu.lst

Note: Your menu.lst file is used to control the operating systems GRUB displays on startup, as well as its visual appearance. This howto will only explain how to get your operating systems to boot; it will not tell you how to make your bootloader pretty.

A sample menu.lst, stripped of unnecessary comments, appears below. It is based on the /dev/hda3 and /dev/hda4 example above, and assumes Windows resides at /dev/hda1.

timeout 5 #The number of seconds GRUB should wait before booting an OS
default 0 #The entry which should be booted by default
fallback 1 #The entry which should be booted in the event of the first one failing

title  Ubuntu, 2.6.10 #A 32-bit Ubuntu entry
#This (or something like it) should be in your configuration
root   (hd0,2)
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda4

title  Ubuntu, 2.6.10 #Another 32-bit Ubuntu entry
#This is an example of an Ubuntu entry which does not have a separate /boot/ partition
#(it is provided only as an alternate to the example above -- do not use them together)
root   (hd0,2)
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386

title  Microsoft Windows XP Home #An entry for a Windows installation
#If you're reading this guide, you probably want this
root   (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

And that's it. Save and close the file, then reboot and try out the entries.

Using the Ubuntu Alternate/Install CD

This section explains how to rescue GRUB (the GRand Unified Boot loader), using the Ubuntu alternate/install CD ROM.

Enter your computers BIOS to check computer can boot from CD ROM. If you can boot from CD, insert CD ROM into drive. Exit the BIOS (if needed save your settings to make sure the computer boots from the CD ROM).
When the Ubuntu splash screen comes up with the boot: prompt, type in rescue and press enter.
Choose your language, location (country) and then keyboard layout as if you were doing a fresh install.
Enter a host name, or leave it with the default (Ubuntu).
At this stage you are presented with a screen where you can select which partition is your root partition (there is a list of the partitions on your hard drive, so you are required to know which partition number Ubuntu is on). This will be dev/discs/disc0/partX, where the X is a partition number.
you are then presented with a command prompt (a hash).
type $ grub-install /dev/hdaX where X is your Ubuntu root install.

The GUI Way: Using the Alternate/Install CD and Overwriting the Windows bootloader

Boot your computer with the Ubuntu CD
Go through the installation process until you reach "[!!!] Disk Partition"
Select Manual Partition
Mount your appropriate linux partitions:
- /
- /boot
- swap
- ...
DO NOT FORMAT THEM.
Finish the manual partition
Say "Yes" when it asks you to save the changes
It will give you errors saying that "the system couldn't install ....." after that
Ignore them, keep select "continue" until you get back to the Ubuntu installation menu
Jump to "Install Grub ...."
Once it is finished, just restart your computer

From: http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Restore_Grub and http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=76652

World Of Ubuntu

Trzeci Wymiar - Teraz Spij

sobota, 24 października 2009

zSHARE video - Superhero _2oo8DVDRipLektor PL_.avi.flv

środa, 21 października 2009

Odzywskiwanie Ubuntu Po Instalacji Windowsa

Using the Ubuntu Desktop/Live CD

Overwriting the Windows bootloader

Preserving Windows Bootloader

Restoring GRUB

Making Windows Load GRUB (and then Linux)

From Inside Ubuntu

Using the Unofficial "Super Grub Disk"

From within Windows

As a standalone cd/floppy/usb

Preserving Windows Bootloader

Using Microsoft Vista

Troubleshooting

Preparing Your Working Environment

Recovering GRUB Automatically

Recovering GRUB Manually

Configuring the GRUB Menu

Using the Ubuntu Alternate/Install CD

The GUI Way: Using the Alternate/Install CD and Overwriting the Windows bootloader

piątek, 16 października 2009

Instalacja jDownloader'a w Ubuntu 9.04

London

Trzeci Wymiar - Teraz Spij

sobota, 24 października 2009

zSHARE video - Superhero _2oo8__DVDRip__Lektor PL_.avi.flv

środa, 21 października 2009

Odzywskiwanie Ubuntu Po Instalacji Windowsa

Using the Ubuntu Desktop/Live CD

Overwriting the Windows bootloader

Preserving Windows Bootloader

Restoring GRUB

Making Windows Load GRUB (and then Linux)

From Inside Ubuntu

Using the Unofficial "Super Grub Disk"

From within Windows

As a standalone cd/floppy/usb

Preserving Windows Bootloader

Using Microsoft Vista

Troubleshooting

Preparing Your Working Environment

Recovering GRUB Automatically

Recovering GRUB Manually

Configuring the GRUB Menu

Using the Ubuntu Alternate/Install CD

The GUI Way: Using the Alternate/Install CD and Overwriting the Windows bootloader

piątek, 16 października 2009

Instalacja jDownloader'a w Ubuntu 9.04

zSHARE video - Superhero _2oo8DVDRipLektor PL_.avi.flv